DIAGNOSE – ANTI-LOCK BRAKE LIGHT STAYS ON
AFTER ENGINE IS STARTED
by Lance Wright


SYMPTOM SUMMARY
The “ABS” or “Anti-Lock Brakes” light remains on after the engine is started and remains on or flashes.

USUAL CAUSE
The Anti-Lock brake system is designed to rapidly modulate the braking action during a panic stop. This prevents the wheels from locking up and maintains vehicle control and stability. An ABS control module monitors the wheel speed and other various sensors to determine when wheel lock-up is about to occur. The ABS module continually performs diagnostics to ensure that the system is functional. When a malfunction occurs, the ABS module will illuminate or flash the ABS or Anti-Lock light on the dash panel to alert the driver. During start up, the module will illuminate the light as a self test. Shortly after the engine is started, the light should go out indicating the system is functional. If the light remains on the ABS Module has detected a system failure. On most vehicles, the ABS system will not be functional while the light is illuminated. Usually, normal braking will result unless the failure is related to a component that is used for both normal braking and anti-lock braking. If the Red Brake light is also on, normal braking may be degraded as well indicating a system wide failure.

DIAGNOSIS
On almost all ABS systems the module will store a diagnostic trouble code that relates to the circuit or component that has failed. The diagnosis will require the module to be placed in self diagnostic mode, which will result in it transmitting the stored diagnostic code. Once the code is received, the diagnosis should focus on that particular component or sensor. A vehicle specific service manual will indicate how the module is placed into diagnostic mode and will indicated what circuit or component relates to what code. Often a special scan tool, similar to a hand held computer, is required to interface with the module.

CORRECTIVE ACTION
Once the code has been retreived from the modules memory, that component or circuit will require service. Some components, such as the wheel speed sensors, are usually simple to replace. However, other components such as the hydraulic modulator and control solenoids require special tools and special bleeding procedures to ensure proper operation.

PRECAUTIONS, TIPS, and NOTES
If the ABS light is on, the failure should be corrected as soon as possible. If possible, you should leave repairs to the ABS system to trained service personnel that are equipped with the correct tools and equipment. The Hydraulic Modulator may contain brake fluid pressurized to over 1,500 psi, that if not properly bled, can pose significant danger to someone servicing the system.

(Lance owned his own auto repair shop for 30 years before retiring in 2006.)